Awards and Prizes
ECF-13 conferences of ESIS
The awards announced on the following pages fall into two categories: the first is for awards associated
with the biennial conferences of ESIS, in this instance the European Conferenceon Fracture (ECF-13) held in
San Sebastian, Spain in September 2000. The awards are statutory insofar that they are approved by the ESIS
Council and presented during the course of the conference. They include:
- The Griffith Medal
- The Wöhler Medal
- Award of Merit
- Honorary Membership of ESIS
- Young Scientist Award
It is not essential that all the awards be presented on every occasion of an ECF conference. However, in 2000,
as in 1998 at ECF-12, a very strong list of candiates was offered to the ESIS Awards Committee, under the
chairmanship of Professor Andre Pineau of France.
The second category of awards is related to specific contributions printed in ESIS-ECF publictions.
There are usually three such awards, the first two being annual awards based on the proceedings of the
international journal Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures (FFEMS) and the third
being selected from the sessions of the current ECF conference. The three awards are:
This year the Committee also nominated an award for a major review paper on a topic associated with the sybjects covered by the Journal:
Three awards were made at ECF-13 for poster presentations:
- I. Dlouhy and Z. Chlup, Micro Aspects of Constraint Effects in Steel
for Containers of Spent Nuclear Fuel
- O. Kolednik, S. Scherer, P. Schwarzbock and P. Werth, Quantitative
Fractography by Means of a New Digital Image Analysis System
- M. Takahashi, N. Okabe, X. Zhu and K. Kagawa, Strength Estimations
of Ceramic/Metal Joints of Various Interlayer Thickness
FUTURE AWARDS
The committee responsible for the Awards consists of Professor Andre Pineau (Chairman), the President of ESIS
(Professor Keith J. Miller, UK), The Editors of FFEMS (represented by Professor Eann Patterson, Chairman) and the Chaiman of the
next ECF Committee (Professor Andrzej Neimitz, Poland, for ECF-14).
Nominations for any of the awards listed in these pages may be sent to any one of the above mentioned people and should include
a citation that is supported by at least three persons, preferably from countries not associated with the candidate.
The Griffith Medal
Professor Volodymyr Vasyliovych Panasyuk
Professor Volodymyr Panasyuk is Director of the Karpenko Physical-Mechanical Institute of the National
Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine, which is an internationally recognised scientific institute working on topical problems related to material mechanics
and structural integrity, non-destructive testing and corrosion.
Professor Panasyuk has largely contributed to the study of important problems, both from an industrial standpoint and from
the viewpoint of an academic researcher. His original contributions to the problems of deformation and fracture of cracked
bodies are well-known far beyond Ukraie. In particular, his work on the strip-yield model and COD behaviour, which coincided
with independent work elsewhere, is now fully recognised throughout the world, particularly so in the international fracture
mechanics community.
Simultaneously with the publication of important monographs, Professor Panasyuk has developed a scientific school in the field
of fracture mechanics and has largely contributed to research and teaching in the strategic field of activity. He is a Member
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (since 1978), Doctor of Science (since 1967), Professor (since 1968) and a
State Prize Laureate. Professor Panasyuk has publisehed more than 450 papers and 11 monographs and has supervised more than
40 PhD students and 10 Doctors of Sciences.
The scientific and organising abilities of Professor Panasyuk are also weel-known, in particular his active participation
in the activities of ESIS and his key role in the organisation of the Ukranian Society on Fracture Mechanics. In 1993,
Professor Panasyuk organised the International Congress on Fracture - ECF8 held in Kiev. He was awarded the Diploma of the
International Congress on Fracture Mechanics. He was also the ICF Vice-President during the period 1993-97.
Griffith, who was the father of fracture mechanics, the originator of the multistage axial aeroengine and much else, would
have been delighted to know that such a prolific contributor to fracture science has been awarded the ESIS Griffih medal.
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The Wöhler Medal
Professor Darrell F Socie
Professor Darrell Socie has worked on fatigue problems for 25 years, both from an industrial
standpoint and from the viewpoint of an industrial researcher.
His work began at the University of Illinois under the guidance of Professor Jo Dean Morrow and has continued from the
basis of understanding cyclic stress-strain behaviour of metals through to understanding fatigue fracture processes, and
thence onwards to widening knowledge of the behaviour of composite materials and ceramics.
His contributions to scholarship, research and teaching have gone far beyond the shores of North America. He has made
numerous visits to Europe, particularly Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Finland and France, and he has appeared at research
seminars in the United Kingdom whee he has made several high-standard presentations to large audiences.
His work not only covers all types of useful engineering materials, but also the interaction of different deformation
and failure processes which necessitate a multi- and interdisciplinary approach, often requiring complex analytical and
numerical solutions for three-dimensional stress-strain states ad non-proportional loading conditions. Professor Darrell Socie
has now published a book entitled Multiaxial Fatigue, with Gary Marquis of Finland as co-author.
Professor Darrell Socie is an internationally respected person both for his own work and for his committments to colleagues
working in the field of fatigue. Among his many awards is the recent ASTM Award of Merit.
Wohler would have been delighted to know that such a prolific writer of metal fatigue literature was a frequent visitor to Europe.
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Award of Merit
Dr Ian Milne
In 1973, Dr Milne moved from work on type II superconductors for power transmission into the field
of fracture mechanics, centering his work on material properties, and in particular their influence on structural integrity.
He has written many papers on the transition behaviour of ferritic steels, on ductile tearing and on structural integrity
analysis techniques. In this latter area, he was instrumental in developing the CEG procedure for integrity assessment which
became known as the R6 procedure, and he led the R6 project until privatisation of the CEGB in 1990. He then moved into
National Power and became the Controller of Power Technologies, and eventually Laboratory Head of what used to be CERL.
He left National Power in 1992 and set up as an independent consultant.
Dr Milne has been a member of EGF and ESIS since the late 1970s, and was a secretary of TC1 during its early period.
He has made many contributions to technical debates within TC1 with such activities as organising round robins on
structural integrity assessment. He has contributed to JRC Seminars held at Ispra, which were aimed at providing an advanced
description of fracture mechanics methodologies so meeting the educational reponsibilities of ESIS (then EGF). He has appeared
at most ECF meetings throughout this period and gave the introductory lecture at ECF6 in Amsterdam in 1986.
In 1992 he was elected President of ESIS for the period to 1996, during which time he worked to advance the image of
ESIS, especially within Eastern Europe. In 1996, on giving up the presidency, he was elected chairman of the publications
committee. It was during this period that he began to realise that a more professional approach was needed to take ESIS into
the 21st Centuryby, as a first step, the redevelopment of the ESIS Statues and By-laws.
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Honorary Membership of ESIS
Professor Manuel Elices Calafat
ESIS Council unanimously approved the nomination of its Awards Committee to grant Honorary
Membership of ESIS to Manuel Elices, this in recognition of his work in initiating in 1982, and then developing, the Spanish
Fracture Group into an internatially respected organisation.
Professor Elices graduated in Civil Engineering in 1963 and then in Physics in 1964. In 1966 he was awarded his PhD
and is currently a Full Professor of Materials Science & Technology at the Polytechnic University of Madrid.
His research work is primarily concerned with the mechanical behaviour of materials at very low and very high
temperatures, in both theoretical and experimental aspects. He has published more than 300 scientific papers
(half in international journals), 10 books and contributed chapters for another 10 books.
An editor and/or associate editor of many international journals, together with membership of several national and
international societies, he has been awarded a variety of prizes and awards including Bengough, Metals Society, DuPont,
Spanish National Prize of Technological Research 'Torres Quevedo', Real Academia de Ciencias, Polytechnic University of
Madrid and Honorary Fellowship of the Spanish Civil Engineering Association.
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Young Scientist Award
Professor Gilles Perrin
Gilles Perrin is 35 years old. He is currently "Ingenieur de Recherche Principal" in the
Applied Division of the French Petroleum Institute. He is also a Professor in the Department of Mechanics of the Ecole
Polytechnique where he graduated in 1987. In 1990 he also graduated from the Ecole des Mines de Paris.
His work began with modelling ductile fracture under the guidance of Professor Jean-Baptiste Leblond. He defended
his thesis in 1992. Following this he was a visiting scientist at the Division of Applied Sciences of Harvard University,
where he started to study earthquake mechanics under the guidance of Professor Jim Rice. From 1993 to 1997, he worked with
the French Nuclear Safety Authority (DSIN).
Gilles Perin has already recieved a number of academic distinctions, including: Proze L. Rivot of the French
Academy of Sciences in 1987, Proze 'Jeune Chercheur' of Dret in 1993 and Prize Ernest Dechelle from the French Academy
of Sciences in 1998. He has now published more than 15 papers in international journals with contributions to te analytical
and numerical study of ductile fracture; in particular, the effect of a population of second phase particles on the growth
of cavities, models for porous materials and improvements in Gurson-type models for hardenable materials.
Back to Top
The Best Fatigue Paper FFEMS
Dr Satoshi Nishijima
Professor Kenji Kanazawa
Dr Satoshi Nishijima has worked on the fatigue of metals at the National Research Institue for Metals
(NRIM) for a very long time. Additionally, he is a technical consultant to Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Japan. He was
responsible, for more than 25 years, for a national project establishing Fatigue Data Sheets on engineering alloys, in which
various aspects of fatigue problems were investigated in systematic ways.
Prefessor Kenji Kanazawa shared in the work of the above mentioned project from its inception, and continues
research activities as a Professor at the Department of Precision Mechanics at Chuo University, Tokyo.
The experimental evidence presented in the awarded paper is primarily due to the tasks realised at NRIM.
In total 8 papers were nominated for this award and surveyed by the committee. These were:
- The Significance of Fractography for Investigations of Fatigue Crack Growth Under Variable-Amplitude Loading. J. Schijve, Vol. 22, pp. 88-99.
- Modelling the Effect of Creep-Fatigue Interaction on Crack Growth. P.S. Grover and A. Saxena, Vol. 22, pp. 111-122.
- The Fatigue Limit and its Elimination. K.J. Miller and W.J. O'Donnell, Vol. 22, pp. 545-557.
- Crack-Tip Plastic Blunting Under Gross Section Yielding and Implications for Modelling Short Cracks. C.H. Wang and L.F. Rose, Vol. 22, pp. 761-773.
- Fatigue Crack Growth in a Structural Steel Under Single and Multiple Periodic Overload Cycles. M. Skorupa, J. Schijve, A. Skorupa and T. Machiewicz, Vol. 22, pp. 879-887.
- Stress Concentration Formulae Useful for any Shape of Notch in a Round Test Specimen Under Tension and Under Bending.
- Influence of Pitting on the Fatigue Life of a Turbine Blade Steel. S. Zhou and A. Turnbull, Vol. 22, pp.1083-1093.
- Stepwise S-N Curve and Fish-Eye Failure in Gigacycle Fatigue. S. Nashijima and K. Kanazawwa, Vol. 22, pp. 601-607.
The award was made to our Japanese colleagues on the basis that it heralds a new problem of intense interest to the international fatigue community.
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The Best Fracture Paper FFEMS
Professor K Bertram Broberg
K. Bertram Broberg is presently Senior Faculty Fellow at the Department of Mathematical Physics,
University College, Dublin. He graduated in 1949 from the Royal Institue of Technology (RIT), Stockholm. After employment
as Engineer at the Royal Swedish Fortifications Administration, he became Asociate Professor of Solid Mechanics at RIT in
1959 and two years later Professor of Solid Mechanics at the Lund Institute of Technology (LIT), a position that he held
until his retirement in 1990.
In 1956, Bertram Broberg defended his TeknD thesis, Shock Waves in Elastic and Elastic-Plastic Medias, which was later
translated into Russian and Chinese. Among other publications may be mentioned The Propagation of a Brittle Crack (1960),
the first solution for a dynamically expanding crack, Crack Growth Criteria and Non-Linear Fracture Mechanics (1971),
the suggestion of the J-Integral as a criterion for incipient crack growth, The Cell Model of Materials (1997) and a few
papers on biomechanics. In 1999, he published a comprehensive volume on the foundations of fracture mechanics, Cracks and Fracture.
During 1961-65, Broberg was Pororector and later (1965-66) Rector of LIT. He was Vice-Chairman of the Committee
for planning University Premises and Equipment in Southern Sweden 1964-79. In 1969, he was appointed by the Swedish
Government to take part in an international committee, requested by the Ethiopian Governemnt, for reviewing the technical
education in Ethiopia. He was invited by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science to research at Tohoko University,
Sendai during three months in 1975 and by the California Institue of Technology as a Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar
for six months in 1976. He also spent two years (1979-81) as Visiting Professor at Brown University and shorter periods
in Poland (Kielce and Wroclaw).
Bertram Broberg is a member of the Royal Swedish Academies of Sciences and of Engineering Sciences.
He is Honorary Member of the Scanian Engineer's Club and a member of the Royal Physiographical Society.
He was President of the International Association for Ecological Design 1982-92. His favourite hobby
is cross-country skiing - his latest big event was the 90km Vasaloppet in Sweden, 1995, after practising on
roller-skis on the streets of Dublin.
Of the three nominated fracture based papers surveyed by he Awards Committee, namely:
- A Crack in a Linear Elatis Material Under Mode II, Revisited. A.P. Kfouri, Vol. 22, pp. 445-448.
- A Weibull Stress Model to Predict Cleavag and Fracture in Plates Containing Surface Cracks. X. Gao, R.H. Dodds, R.L. Tregoning, J.A. Joyce and R.E. Link, Vol. 22, pp. 481-493.
- Intersonic Mode II Crack Acceleration. K.B. Boberg, Vol. 22, pp. 17-24.
The third named paper by Professor Bertram Broberg was voted the most appropriate and worthy for the FFEMS award.
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The Best Review Paper FFEMS
Professor Malgorzata Skorupa
Professor Skorupa graduated with an MSc and Engineering Diploma in Mechanical Engineering from
the University of Mining and Metallurgy, Krakow, Poland in 1969 to be followed by a PhD in 1975 on strength analyses of welded
joints. Her postdoctoral thesisof 1989 concerned the prediction of fatigue lifetimes in welds.
Since 1990 she has been a Professor at the University of Mining and Metallurgy, Krakow and is the leader of the
Strength of Materials Group of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics. She is a member of ESIS and the Polish
Group of Fracture Mechanics and the Polish Group of Fatigue of Materials and Structures.
Of the nominated three review type papers surveyed by the Awards Committee namely:
- Fracture Mechanics and Materials Testing: Forgotten Pioneers of the Early 20th Century. H.P. Rossmanith, Vol. 22, pp. 781-797.
- The Russian Special Issue, including papers by 14 distinguished engineering scientists, and edited by R.V. Goldstein and N.A. Makhutov, Vol. 22, pp. 937-1022, and
- Load Interaction Effects on Fatigue Growth Under Variable Amplitude Loading. Parts 1 (1998) and II (1999). M. Skorupa; see Vol. 22 pp. 905-926. (Note that these 2 papers are coupled with a further paper of the author listed under the section on Fatigue and/or Creep type papers.)
The third named papers by Professor Malgorzata Skorupa were voted the most appropriate and worthy for this FFEMS award.
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ECF-13 CONFERENCE AWARDS
Several Poster Sessions were held during the course of the Conference at San Sebastian in September 2000, and the
conference committee wishes it to be known that the quality of papers presented at these sessions was outstanding.
Many of the authors stated that they had far greater feedback and interest shown in their work than would have been
possible in an oral presentation during a closed session of the conference.
Committee members attended all Poster Sessions and reported that the quality of presentations and discussions with
the authors was so high that the selection of one "Best Poster" was almost impossible. Consequently it was decided to
nominate to ESIS Council three best posters, and full details of these Awards are given below.
Micromechanical Aspects of Constraint Effects in Steel for Containers of Spent Nuclear Fuel
I Dlouhy and Z Chlup
Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zizkova 22, 616 62 Brno, Czech Republic
ABSTRACT
Fracture resistance of cast low-carbon manganese ferritic steel intended for radwaste containers was analysed
combining several approaches. The effect of crack length on the fracture toughness v temperature diagram was determined.
Pre-cracked Charpy type specimens were used in order to test the master curve methodology an the toughness scaling models
for transferring the fracture mechanical data from small to large scale specimens.
It has been found that the cleavage fracture stress increases with decreasing crack length of bend
specimens having the same ligament size. Taking into account large plastic deformation variances plastic
deformation prior to fracture, the loading parameter based on the J integral instead of the critical load was
found to give more consistent Q-parameter calculations. The toughness scaling model of Dodds and Anderson was
applied for data adjustment in the constraint dependent regime of the transition region. Based on our analyses
the master curve methodology was applied for predicting the steel fracture behaviour of standard specimens by using
pre-cracked Charpy type specimens. The research was financially supported by project No 972655 within NATO Science for
Peace program.
Quantitative Fractography by Means of a New Digital Image Analysis System
O Kolednik(1), S Scherer(2), P Schwarzböck(1) and P Werth(1)
(1) Erick Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
(2) Institute of Compute Graphics and Vision, Technical University Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
ABSTRACT
A technique has been developed to reconstruct automatically fracture surfaces: stereo image pairs are made in the SEM
and analysed automatically by a digital image analysis system. They key part of the system is a matching algorithm which is
able to find homologue points in the two images. The result of the analysis is a three-dimensional model or digital elevation
model (DEM) of the depicted surface consisting of up to 30,000 points. An additional program allows the measurement of certain
roughness parameters.
The DEM can be sectioned arbitrarily to determine the line roughness, ie: the fraction of true profile length over
projected profile length, in different directions. Similarly the area roughness, ie: the fraction of true surface area
over projected area, of an arbitrary region can be determined. The fractal dimensions of the profiles or surfaces can be
computed by determining the roughness parameters for DEMs consisting of various numbers of points. Important additional
capabilities of the total system are the determination of local fracture toughness parameters, such as the critical crack
tip opening displacement, or the crack tip opening angle. Thus toughness parameters can be determined locally, which is
essential for studying the fracture properties of inhomogeneous materials, or for analysing constraint effects in homogeneous
materials.
Strength Estimations of Ceramic/Metal Joints of Various Interlayer Thickness
M Takahashi(1), N Okabe(1), X Zhu(1) and K Kagawa(2)
(1) Dept Mech Eng, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
(2) Honda Motor Co Ltd, Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT
Residual stresses generated by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of ceramics and metals, affects
the strength of ceramic/metal joints. An interlayer metal can be inserted between the ceramic and the metal in order
to relax this stress. An analysis was carried out of the residual stress produced during the joint-cooling process and
in 4-point bending tests. The effects of the interlayer thickness on joint strength in ceramic/metal joints were then tudied
by considering a superimposed stress distribution of the residual stress and the bending stress. Finally, the joint strength
was estimated from a fracture mechanics and strength probability analysis by considering the residual stress distribution,
defect size and position of pre-existing defects in the ceramic parts.
Resulting from this study, we suggest an optimum material selection and an interlayer thickness for ceramic/metal
joint structures. For design purposes, this approach is generally suitable for electrical and mechanical structures.
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NOTICE
The above-named ESIS Awards and ESIS-ECF Prizes are a direct consequence of the support given
by Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, to ESIS as a mark of respect to the members of ESIS who have made valuable
contributions to the literature, and the international dissemination of knowledge via their publication:
"FATIGUE AND FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES"
It is for this reason that readers of the ESIS Newsletter are reminded that their reciprocal support for this
international Journal is very much appreciated by all concerned.
- The Griffith Medal
- The Wöhler Medal
- Award of Merit
- Honorary Membership of ESIS
- Young Scientist Award
The second category of awards is related to specific contributions printed in ESIS-ECF publictions. There are usually three such awards, the first two being annual awards based on the proceedings of the international journal Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures (FFEMS) and the third being selected from the sessions of the current ECF conference. The three awards are: This year the Committee also nominated an award for a major review paper on a topic associated with the sybjects covered by the Journal: Three awards were made at ECF-13 for poster presentations:
- I. Dlouhy and Z. Chlup, Micro Aspects of Constraint Effects in Steel
for Containers of Spent Nuclear Fuel
- O. Kolednik, S. Scherer, P. Schwarzbock and P. Werth, Quantitative
Fractography by Means of a New Digital Image Analysis System
- M. Takahashi, N. Okabe, X. Zhu and K. Kagawa, Strength Estimations
of Ceramic/Metal Joints of Various Interlayer Thickness
The committee responsible for the Awards consists of Professor Andre Pineau (Chairman), the President of ESIS (Professor Keith J. Miller, UK), The Editors of FFEMS (represented by Professor Eann Patterson, Chairman) and the Chaiman of the next ECF Committee (Professor Andrzej Neimitz, Poland, for ECF-14). Nominations for any of the awards listed in these pages may be sent to any one of the above mentioned people and should include a citation that is supported by at least three persons, preferably from countries not associated with the candidate.
The Griffith Medal
Professor Volodymyr Vasyliovych Panasyuk
Professor Volodymyr Panasyuk is Director of the Karpenko Physical-Mechanical Institute of the National
Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine, which is an internationally recognised scientific institute working on topical problems related to material mechanics
and structural integrity, non-destructive testing and corrosion.
Professor Panasyuk has largely contributed to the study of important problems, both from an industrial standpoint and from
the viewpoint of an academic researcher. His original contributions to the problems of deformation and fracture of cracked
bodies are well-known far beyond Ukraie. In particular, his work on the strip-yield model and COD behaviour, which coincided
with independent work elsewhere, is now fully recognised throughout the world, particularly so in the international fracture
mechanics community.
Simultaneously with the publication of important monographs, Professor Panasyuk has developed a scientific school in the field
of fracture mechanics and has largely contributed to research and teaching in the strategic field of activity. He is a Member
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (since 1978), Doctor of Science (since 1967), Professor (since 1968) and a
State Prize Laureate. Professor Panasyuk has publisehed more than 450 papers and 11 monographs and has supervised more than
40 PhD students and 10 Doctors of Sciences.
The scientific and organising abilities of Professor Panasyuk are also weel-known, in particular his active participation
in the activities of ESIS and his key role in the organisation of the Ukranian Society on Fracture Mechanics. In 1993,
Professor Panasyuk organised the International Congress on Fracture - ECF8 held in Kiev. He was awarded the Diploma of the
International Congress on Fracture Mechanics. He was also the ICF Vice-President during the period 1993-97.
Griffith, who was the father of fracture mechanics, the originator of the multistage axial aeroengine and much else, would
have been delighted to know that such a prolific contributor to fracture science has been awarded the ESIS Griffih medal.
Back to Top
The Wöhler Medal
Professor Darrell F Socie
Professor Darrell Socie has worked on fatigue problems for 25 years, both from an industrial
standpoint and from the viewpoint of an industrial researcher.
His work began at the University of Illinois under the guidance of Professor Jo Dean Morrow and has continued from the
basis of understanding cyclic stress-strain behaviour of metals through to understanding fatigue fracture processes, and
thence onwards to widening knowledge of the behaviour of composite materials and ceramics.
His contributions to scholarship, research and teaching have gone far beyond the shores of North America. He has made
numerous visits to Europe, particularly Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Finland and France, and he has appeared at research
seminars in the United Kingdom whee he has made several high-standard presentations to large audiences.
His work not only covers all types of useful engineering materials, but also the interaction of different deformation
and failure processes which necessitate a multi- and interdisciplinary approach, often requiring complex analytical and
numerical solutions for three-dimensional stress-strain states ad non-proportional loading conditions. Professor Darrell Socie
has now published a book entitled Multiaxial Fatigue, with Gary Marquis of Finland as co-author.
Professor Darrell Socie is an internationally respected person both for his own work and for his committments to colleagues
working in the field of fatigue. Among his many awards is the recent ASTM Award of Merit.
Wohler would have been delighted to know that such a prolific writer of metal fatigue literature was a frequent visitor to Europe.
Back to Top
Award of Merit
Dr Ian Milne
In 1973, Dr Milne moved from work on type II superconductors for power transmission into the field
of fracture mechanics, centering his work on material properties, and in particular their influence on structural integrity.
He has written many papers on the transition behaviour of ferritic steels, on ductile tearing and on structural integrity
analysis techniques. In this latter area, he was instrumental in developing the CEG procedure for integrity assessment which
became known as the R6 procedure, and he led the R6 project until privatisation of the CEGB in 1990. He then moved into
National Power and became the Controller of Power Technologies, and eventually Laboratory Head of what used to be CERL.
He left National Power in 1992 and set up as an independent consultant.
Dr Milne has been a member of EGF and ESIS since the late 1970s, and was a secretary of TC1 during its early period.
He has made many contributions to technical debates within TC1 with such activities as organising round robins on
structural integrity assessment. He has contributed to JRC Seminars held at Ispra, which were aimed at providing an advanced
description of fracture mechanics methodologies so meeting the educational reponsibilities of ESIS (then EGF). He has appeared
at most ECF meetings throughout this period and gave the introductory lecture at ECF6 in Amsterdam in 1986.
In 1992 he was elected President of ESIS for the period to 1996, during which time he worked to advance the image of
ESIS, especially within Eastern Europe. In 1996, on giving up the presidency, he was elected chairman of the publications
committee. It was during this period that he began to realise that a more professional approach was needed to take ESIS into
the 21st Centuryby, as a first step, the redevelopment of the ESIS Statues and By-laws.
Back to Top
Honorary Membership of ESIS
Professor Manuel Elices Calafat
ESIS Council unanimously approved the nomination of its Awards Committee to grant Honorary
Membership of ESIS to Manuel Elices, this in recognition of his work in initiating in 1982, and then developing, the Spanish
Fracture Group into an internatially respected organisation.
Professor Elices graduated in Civil Engineering in 1963 and then in Physics in 1964. In 1966 he was awarded his PhD
and is currently a Full Professor of Materials Science & Technology at the Polytechnic University of Madrid.
His research work is primarily concerned with the mechanical behaviour of materials at very low and very high
temperatures, in both theoretical and experimental aspects. He has published more than 300 scientific papers
(half in international journals), 10 books and contributed chapters for another 10 books.
An editor and/or associate editor of many international journals, together with membership of several national and
international societies, he has been awarded a variety of prizes and awards including Bengough, Metals Society, DuPont,
Spanish National Prize of Technological Research 'Torres Quevedo', Real Academia de Ciencias, Polytechnic University of
Madrid and Honorary Fellowship of the Spanish Civil Engineering Association.
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Young Scientist Award
Professor Gilles Perrin
Gilles Perrin is 35 years old. He is currently "Ingenieur de Recherche Principal" in the
Applied Division of the French Petroleum Institute. He is also a Professor in the Department of Mechanics of the Ecole
Polytechnique where he graduated in 1987. In 1990 he also graduated from the Ecole des Mines de Paris.
His work began with modelling ductile fracture under the guidance of Professor Jean-Baptiste Leblond. He defended
his thesis in 1992. Following this he was a visiting scientist at the Division of Applied Sciences of Harvard University,
where he started to study earthquake mechanics under the guidance of Professor Jim Rice. From 1993 to 1997, he worked with
the French Nuclear Safety Authority (DSIN).
Gilles Perin has already recieved a number of academic distinctions, including: Proze L. Rivot of the French
Academy of Sciences in 1987, Proze 'Jeune Chercheur' of Dret in 1993 and Prize Ernest Dechelle from the French Academy
of Sciences in 1998. He has now published more than 15 papers in international journals with contributions to te analytical
and numerical study of ductile fracture; in particular, the effect of a population of second phase particles on the growth
of cavities, models for porous materials and improvements in Gurson-type models for hardenable materials.
Back to Top
The Best Fatigue Paper FFEMS
Dr Satoshi Nishijima |
Professor Kenji Kanazawa |
Dr Satoshi Nishijima has worked on the fatigue of metals at the National Research Institue for Metals
(NRIM) for a very long time. Additionally, he is a technical consultant to Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Japan. He was
responsible, for more than 25 years, for a national project establishing Fatigue Data Sheets on engineering alloys, in which
various aspects of fatigue problems were investigated in systematic ways.
Prefessor Kenji Kanazawa shared in the work of the above mentioned project from its inception, and continues
research activities as a Professor at the Department of Precision Mechanics at Chuo University, Tokyo.
The experimental evidence presented in the awarded paper is primarily due to the tasks realised at NRIM.
In total 8 papers were nominated for this award and surveyed by the committee. These were:
- The Significance of Fractography for Investigations of Fatigue Crack Growth Under Variable-Amplitude Loading. J. Schijve, Vol. 22, pp. 88-99.
- Modelling the Effect of Creep-Fatigue Interaction on Crack Growth. P.S. Grover and A. Saxena, Vol. 22, pp. 111-122.
- The Fatigue Limit and its Elimination. K.J. Miller and W.J. O'Donnell, Vol. 22, pp. 545-557.
- Crack-Tip Plastic Blunting Under Gross Section Yielding and Implications for Modelling Short Cracks. C.H. Wang and L.F. Rose, Vol. 22, pp. 761-773.
- Fatigue Crack Growth in a Structural Steel Under Single and Multiple Periodic Overload Cycles. M. Skorupa, J. Schijve, A. Skorupa and T. Machiewicz, Vol. 22, pp. 879-887.
- Stress Concentration Formulae Useful for any Shape of Notch in a Round Test Specimen Under Tension and Under Bending.
- Influence of Pitting on the Fatigue Life of a Turbine Blade Steel. S. Zhou and A. Turnbull, Vol. 22, pp.1083-1093.
- Stepwise S-N Curve and Fish-Eye Failure in Gigacycle Fatigue. S. Nashijima and K. Kanazawwa, Vol. 22, pp. 601-607.
The award was made to our Japanese colleagues on the basis that it heralds a new problem of intense interest to the international fatigue community.
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The Best Fracture Paper FFEMS
Professor K Bertram Broberg
K. Bertram Broberg is presently Senior Faculty Fellow at the Department of Mathematical Physics,
University College, Dublin. He graduated in 1949 from the Royal Institue of Technology (RIT), Stockholm. After employment
as Engineer at the Royal Swedish Fortifications Administration, he became Asociate Professor of Solid Mechanics at RIT in
1959 and two years later Professor of Solid Mechanics at the Lund Institute of Technology (LIT), a position that he held
until his retirement in 1990.
In 1956, Bertram Broberg defended his TeknD thesis, Shock Waves in Elastic and Elastic-Plastic Medias, which was later
translated into Russian and Chinese. Among other publications may be mentioned The Propagation of a Brittle Crack (1960),
the first solution for a dynamically expanding crack, Crack Growth Criteria and Non-Linear Fracture Mechanics (1971),
the suggestion of the J-Integral as a criterion for incipient crack growth, The Cell Model of Materials (1997) and a few
papers on biomechanics. In 1999, he published a comprehensive volume on the foundations of fracture mechanics, Cracks and Fracture.
During 1961-65, Broberg was Pororector and later (1965-66) Rector of LIT. He was Vice-Chairman of the Committee
for planning University Premises and Equipment in Southern Sweden 1964-79. In 1969, he was appointed by the Swedish
Government to take part in an international committee, requested by the Ethiopian Governemnt, for reviewing the technical
education in Ethiopia. He was invited by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science to research at Tohoko University,
Sendai during three months in 1975 and by the California Institue of Technology as a Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar
for six months in 1976. He also spent two years (1979-81) as Visiting Professor at Brown University and shorter periods
in Poland (Kielce and Wroclaw).
Bertram Broberg is a member of the Royal Swedish Academies of Sciences and of Engineering Sciences.
He is Honorary Member of the Scanian Engineer's Club and a member of the Royal Physiographical Society.
He was President of the International Association for Ecological Design 1982-92. His favourite hobby
is cross-country skiing - his latest big event was the 90km Vasaloppet in Sweden, 1995, after practising on
roller-skis on the streets of Dublin.
Of the three nominated fracture based papers surveyed by he Awards Committee, namely:
- A Crack in a Linear Elatis Material Under Mode II, Revisited. A.P. Kfouri, Vol. 22, pp. 445-448.
- A Weibull Stress Model to Predict Cleavag and Fracture in Plates Containing Surface Cracks. X. Gao, R.H. Dodds, R.L. Tregoning, J.A. Joyce and R.E. Link, Vol. 22, pp. 481-493.
- Intersonic Mode II Crack Acceleration. K.B. Boberg, Vol. 22, pp. 17-24.
The third named paper by Professor Bertram Broberg was voted the most appropriate and worthy for the FFEMS award.
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The Best Review Paper FFEMS
Professor Malgorzata Skorupa
Professor Skorupa graduated with an MSc and Engineering Diploma in Mechanical Engineering from
the University of Mining and Metallurgy, Krakow, Poland in 1969 to be followed by a PhD in 1975 on strength analyses of welded
joints. Her postdoctoral thesisof 1989 concerned the prediction of fatigue lifetimes in welds.
Since 1990 she has been a Professor at the University of Mining and Metallurgy, Krakow and is the leader of the
Strength of Materials Group of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics. She is a member of ESIS and the Polish
Group of Fracture Mechanics and the Polish Group of Fatigue of Materials and Structures.
Of the nominated three review type papers surveyed by the Awards Committee namely:
- Fracture Mechanics and Materials Testing: Forgotten Pioneers of the Early 20th Century. H.P. Rossmanith, Vol. 22, pp. 781-797.
- The Russian Special Issue, including papers by 14 distinguished engineering scientists, and edited by R.V. Goldstein and N.A. Makhutov, Vol. 22, pp. 937-1022, and
- Load Interaction Effects on Fatigue Growth Under Variable Amplitude Loading. Parts 1 (1998) and II (1999). M. Skorupa; see Vol. 22 pp. 905-926. (Note that these 2 papers are coupled with a further paper of the author listed under the section on Fatigue and/or Creep type papers.)
The third named papers by Professor Malgorzata Skorupa were voted the most appropriate and worthy for this FFEMS award.
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ECF-13 CONFERENCE AWARDS
Several Poster Sessions were held during the course of the Conference at San Sebastian in September 2000, and the
conference committee wishes it to be known that the quality of papers presented at these sessions was outstanding.
Many of the authors stated that they had far greater feedback and interest shown in their work than would have been
possible in an oral presentation during a closed session of the conference.
Committee members attended all Poster Sessions and reported that the quality of presentations and discussions with
the authors was so high that the selection of one "Best Poster" was almost impossible. Consequently it was decided to
nominate to ESIS Council three best posters, and full details of these Awards are given below.
Micromechanical Aspects of Constraint Effects in Steel for Containers of Spent Nuclear Fuel
I Dlouhy and Z Chlup
Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zizkova 22, 616 62 Brno, Czech Republic
ABSTRACT
Fracture resistance of cast low-carbon manganese ferritic steel intended for radwaste containers was analysed
combining several approaches. The effect of crack length on the fracture toughness v temperature diagram was determined.
Pre-cracked Charpy type specimens were used in order to test the master curve methodology an the toughness scaling models
for transferring the fracture mechanical data from small to large scale specimens.
It has been found that the cleavage fracture stress increases with decreasing crack length of bend
specimens having the same ligament size. Taking into account large plastic deformation variances plastic
deformation prior to fracture, the loading parameter based on the J integral instead of the critical load was
found to give more consistent Q-parameter calculations. The toughness scaling model of Dodds and Anderson was
applied for data adjustment in the constraint dependent regime of the transition region. Based on our analyses
the master curve methodology was applied for predicting the steel fracture behaviour of standard specimens by using
pre-cracked Charpy type specimens. The research was financially supported by project No 972655 within NATO Science for
Peace program.
Quantitative Fractography by Means of a New Digital Image Analysis System
O Kolednik(1), S Scherer(2), P Schwarzböck(1) and P Werth(1)
(1) Erick Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
(2) Institute of Compute Graphics and Vision, Technical University Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
ABSTRACT
A technique has been developed to reconstruct automatically fracture surfaces: stereo image pairs are made in the SEM
and analysed automatically by a digital image analysis system. They key part of the system is a matching algorithm which is
able to find homologue points in the two images. The result of the analysis is a three-dimensional model or digital elevation
model (DEM) of the depicted surface consisting of up to 30,000 points. An additional program allows the measurement of certain
roughness parameters.
The DEM can be sectioned arbitrarily to determine the line roughness, ie: the fraction of true profile length over
projected profile length, in different directions. Similarly the area roughness, ie: the fraction of true surface area
over projected area, of an arbitrary region can be determined. The fractal dimensions of the profiles or surfaces can be
computed by determining the roughness parameters for DEMs consisting of various numbers of points. Important additional
capabilities of the total system are the determination of local fracture toughness parameters, such as the critical crack
tip opening displacement, or the crack tip opening angle. Thus toughness parameters can be determined locally, which is
essential for studying the fracture properties of inhomogeneous materials, or for analysing constraint effects in homogeneous
materials.
Strength Estimations of Ceramic/Metal Joints of Various Interlayer Thickness
M Takahashi(1), N Okabe(1), X Zhu(1) and K Kagawa(2)
(1) Dept Mech Eng, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
(2) Honda Motor Co Ltd, Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT
Residual stresses generated by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of ceramics and metals, affects
the strength of ceramic/metal joints. An interlayer metal can be inserted between the ceramic and the metal in order
to relax this stress. An analysis was carried out of the residual stress produced during the joint-cooling process and
in 4-point bending tests. The effects of the interlayer thickness on joint strength in ceramic/metal joints were then tudied
by considering a superimposed stress distribution of the residual stress and the bending stress. Finally, the joint strength
was estimated from a fracture mechanics and strength probability analysis by considering the residual stress distribution,
defect size and position of pre-existing defects in the ceramic parts.
Resulting from this study, we suggest an optimum material selection and an interlayer thickness for ceramic/metal
joint structures. For design purposes, this approach is generally suitable for electrical and mechanical structures.
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I Dlouhy and Z Chlup
Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zizkova 22, 616 62 Brno, Czech Republic
O Kolednik(1), S Scherer(2), P Schwarzböck(1) and P Werth(1)
(1) Erick Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
(2) Institute of Compute Graphics and Vision, Technical University Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
M Takahashi(1), N Okabe(1), X Zhu(1) and K Kagawa(2)
(1) Dept Mech Eng, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
(2) Honda Motor Co Ltd, Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan